Creatine is nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to muscle and nerve cells. Creatine was named after the Greek word for flesh, Kreas.In the human body, approximately half of the daily creatine is biosynthesized mainly in the vertebrates by the use of parts from three different amino acids - arginine, glycine, and methionine. The rest is taken in by alimentary sources mainly from fresh fish and meat. Ninety-five percent of creatine is later stored in the skeletal muscles, with the rest in the brain, heart, testes, inner ear, hair cells, and other organs and cells. Side Effects. Continuous intake of excessively high dosages of creatine may lead to any of several possible side-effects. It has been hypothesized that consistently high doses could lead to hypertension due to increased water retention. It can also cause dehydration by another mechanism. There is some discussion of kidney problems resulting from supplementation, but as excess creatine is not broken down into nitrogenous wastes but instead released in a more benign form.
Creatine supplementation utilizing proper cycling and dosages, however, has not been linked with any adverse side-effects beyond occasional dehydration due to increased muscular water uptake from the rest of the body.
In humans, approximately half of stored creatine originates from food (mainly from fresh meat and fish). Since vegetables do not contain creatine, vegetarians clearly show lower levels of muscle creatine which, upon creatine supplementation, rise to a level higher than in meat-eaters.
Creatine supplements are athletic aids used to increase high-intensity athletic performance. Though researchers have known of the use of creatine as an energy source by skeletal muscles since the beginning of the 20th century, they were popularized as a performance-enhancing supplement in 1992.
Based upon materials of wikipedia.org
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